Most modern vehicles today contain an onboard computer known as an Electronic Control Modules (ECM) which continually monitors the performance of the vehicle. Sensors all around the vehicle report back to various ECM’s if there are problems such as low fluid levels or increased engine temperature. When an issue is identified, the ECM generates an error code. The relevant dashboard warning lights will then be displayed.
There are hundreds of potential error codes that can only be read by specialist vehicle diagnostic equipment. While a warning light may display on the dashboard alerting you to an issue, a diagnostics check is required to understand the full extent and cause of the problem.